In this regard, the Morse potential model provides an accurate description of the observed vibrational energy spectra of diatomic molecules, and has great popularity with chemists. RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY PURE ROTATIONAL, VIBRATIONAL, VIBRATIONAL-ROTATIONAL, RAMAN SPECTRA. raman spectroscopy 1. called vibrational motion, and clearly at low energies a good model for the nuclear motion is a Harmonic oscillator. In spectroscopy, one studies the transitions between the energy levels associated with the internal motion of atoms and molecules and concentrates on a problem of reduced dimen- sionality3 k− 3: These tables represent the first part of a series of critical reviews on the microwave spectra of molecules. Simple Example: Vibrational Spectroscopy of a Diatomic If we just have a diatomic molecule, there is only one degree of freedom (the bond length), and so it is reasonable to model diatomic vibrations using a 1D harmonic oscillator: Description of vibrational modes, rotational modes, transition rules and raman spectroscopy Consider a diatomic molecule AB. Two atoms A and B are connected by an elastic spring. In the case of diatomic molecules, it is clear that vibrational spectra can only be recorded for heteronuclear compounds such as CO and HCl, but not for homonuclear species such as H 2 and N 2. Homonuclear diatomic molecules (such as H 2, O 2, N 2, Cl 2) – have zero dipole (non polar) - have zero change of dipole during the rotation, hence NO interaction with radiation - hence homonuclear diatomic molecules are microwave inactive Heteronuclear diatomic molecules (such as HCl, HF, CO) – have Historically, the vibrational and rotational spectra of dia-tomic molecules have played a central role in testing the con-sistency of quantum mechanics. The different he analysis of the EM radiations emitted, absorbed or scattered by atoms, molecules or matter see between molecular and atomic spectroscopy… In IR spectroscopy a specific A nonlinear molecule possesses 3n - 6 vibrational modes (3 translations, 3 rotations) Like the diatomic case, each normal mode of vibration has a characteristic frequency and can assume a series of quantized energies. The change in the intensity of radiation before and after the sample is detected. 2. (From Eisbergand Resnick, Quantum Physics of Atoms, Molecules, Solids, Nuclei, and Particles (1985)) 10x10-21) Estimated rotational energies vs. quantum number j, for O 2 8 Spectroscopy Photons of the radiation bring information to us about the atom, molecule or matter. This difference is proportional to the frequency of the bond vibration. Reading: Vibrational Spectroscopy Revised: 2/24/15 In Raman spectroscopy, electromagnetic radiation is not absorbed (as in IR spectroscopy), but scattered. In particular, the well-known Morse potential function is a more reasonable and realistic model [10] for these systems. All of the rotational spectral lines observed and reported in the open literature for 121 diatomic molecules have been tabulated. The frequencies recorded by infrared and Raman spectroscopy arise from transitions between these states. Rotational energies of a diatomic molecule (not linear with j) 2 1 2 j j I E j Quantum mechanical formulation of the rotational energy. 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